Drawing from classic and recent research on quechua sociolinguistics and comparatively on current work in the study of world englishes and english as a lingua franca, we describe ways in which quechua possibly served as a lingua franca, but also argue that quechuas role and potential as lingua franca have often been misunderstood. English is the most widely used language in the world, thus becoming the worlds lingua franca. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. Your students need help with their pronunciation, to speak clearly in an international context. English as a lingua franca a lingua franca walker, 2010. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. In particular, this involves the lingua franca core lfc of those features of english pronunciation that. After giving an overview of the research done on english as a lingua franca, with a special emphasis on the notion of lingua franca core, the study reflects on the repercussions of elf findings on teaching english as a foreign language. Jenkins 2000 sets out a third choice, the lingua franca core lfc, for the millions of english learners around the world who do not want to or are unable to. Singapore people use english and mandarin as their official languages. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. Winter and similar words should not be allowed in an.
Lingua franca ar numera en beteckning for ett internationellt sprak som anvands i kommunikation mellan manniskor med olika modersmal. English is now undoubtedlyand particularly an international lingua franca, a lingua mundi. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom. Lingua franca definition is a common language consisting of italian mixed with french, spanish, greek, and arabic that was formerly spoken in mediterranean ports. Englisch lingua franca erfolgreiche kommunikation hoflichkeit personalpronomen firma audiodaten elf wirtschaftsenglisch prufung transkription unterrichtenglish lingua franca elf successful communication politeness common ground pronoun use pragmatic expressions specialised vocabulary teaching transcripts business englis. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. Yet its present spread and use are so new that english as a lingua franca elf in.
This paper presents an overview of the pronunciation features of four varieties of. This helps to facilitate trade and cultural exchange which helps to explain why lingua francas were also called trade or bridge languages. The impact of jenkins lingua franca core on the teaching of. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the english language as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom jennifer jenkins english has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages i. Concretely, it means relating processes and outcomes of linguistic change to specific situations of language contact and bilingualism, as well as to the role of spanish as common vehicle of communication in economic and political contexts. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia article pdf available in asiatic 102. Pdf the implications of the lingua franca core for. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca. Attention need not be given to features outside the lfc, as they are unimportant in this respect. Prescriptivists generally nonlinguists tend to dismiss elf as a kind of foreigner talk or what has been disparagingly called. Though the field of research into english as a lingua franca elf has been growing steadily over the past fifteen years or so, there still seem to be relatively few teachers and trainers in the english language teaching elt industry who really. Lingua franca plays an enormous role in global communication.
Before entering into the discussion about the present and the prospective status of english as the global lingua franca, it seems appropriate to determine what, in fact, the global lingua franca is. Dauer university of massachusetts amherst, massachusetts, united states m few would dispute that english is now the primary lingua franca, the language used to communicate among speakers of different native languages throughout the world. The culmination of her work was a lingua franca core lfc, that is, a listing of those pronunciation features that caused breakdowns in nnsnns understanding, with a specification of how they need to be pronounced. The document seeks to provide my perspective on the issue of whether i believe the lfc should replace american and british pronunciation. The rise of english as the global lingua franca is. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and worthwhile object of study, some have challenged its value and the idea that elf is a distinct variety of english at all. Standard languages and language standards gramley, ws 200809 the lingua franca core. Consonant sounds elf users need to be able to produce all of the english consonants. This paper examines, in general, the perception towards elf or non native speaker nns accents in relation to native speaker ns accents. Collectively, these guidelines are known as the lingua franca core lfc, and can be summarised in four areas.
Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and. The lingua franca core this document contains my response to the discussion questions presented in tesl 525 in week 6 regarding the lingua franc core. Native speakers model or english as lingua franca core. Mohammad latif chaudhary are from college of electronic technology, bani walid, libya. This is important familiarity with the content frees learners to focus their attention on the elf pronunciation points. This handbook will bring you up to speed on the latest trends in teaching pronunciation. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british. If a standard secondary tongue is adopted, a much smaller number of translators or. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages.
English as a lingua franca the globalisation of english. The sociolinguistic reality of english language use worldwide, and its implications, continue to be. The fully competent speaker of english as a lingua franca. If youre interested in finding out more about practical applications of jenkinss lingua franca core and the use of phonological accommodation, this is the right book for you. The emergence of english as a lingua franca elf has offered us an avenue to reexamine and reconsider the relevance and appropriateness of the traditional native speaker models in english language teaching. This book and audio cd explore how elf may be relevant to teaching your students pronunciation.
A lingua franca is a language which is used as a means of communication among people who have no native language in common. Elfa english as a lingua franca in the academia investigates english as it is currently used by speakers with different mother tongues. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further explorations into the complex phenomenon of elf. A critique of jenkins lingua franca core adam brown at ais st helens, as in other institutions in new zealand and some other countries, international nonnative speaker nns students from china, india, the pacific islands, etc undertake englishmedium study, often being taught by lecturers whose first language is not english. Jun 24, 2017 lingua franca in essence, a lingua franca is one that is used for communication between people who have no native language in common. However, the lingua franca core remains controversial. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and. In the classroom, we should work on a chosen recording first as part of a standard listening session. In particular, this involves the lingua franca core lfc of those features of english pronunciation that are claimed to ensure intelligibility but at the same time. Nonnative speakers of english now outnumber native speakers by a margin of about 3.
Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and monolingual groups. Examining spanish as a lingua franca lf means exploring it within the terrain of its genetic, structural, and historic complexity. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. A lingua franca pronounced lingwa franka is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. English language is functionally promoted to be a lingua franca in asean working language. Native speakers model, english as lingua franca core elc, english as lingua. Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by the free. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the. Katy simpson davies and laura patsko will deliver a british council seminar in glasgow on 26 november 20 on teaching pronunciation and listening in an elf context english as a lingua franca. The lingua franca core, a new model for pronunciation instruction. The term was first used during the middle ages to describe a french and. This has resulted in the concept of english as lingua franca elf in which english is. The effectiveness of the lingua franca core lfc in. As teachers we are continually revising our priorities in everything we do, and the teaching of pronunciation is no exception.
The proposal recognizes the rights of nonnative speakers to their own legitimate regional accents rather than regarding. Enl an external view of english after kachru 1992 nonnative speakers outnumber native speakers of english. The term was first used during the middle ages to describe a french and italianbased jargon, or pidgin, that was developed by. Bland olika nutida lingua franca i varlden kan namnas engelska, kinesiska, franska, spanska och ryska. In the past, arabic became the lingua franca of the islamic world from ad 733 ad 1492. Identify and describe one historical factor that contributed to the worldwide use of english.
A lingua franca addresses the problem posed when representations proliferate. The lingua franca core is phonological and phonetic features that are crucial to intelligibility. Definition and examples of a lingua franca thoughtco. The user of english as a lingua franca may be either native or nonnative is typically bi or multilingual, or bidialectal an englishusing bilingual alptekin, 2005 is likely to be skilled in communicative and comprehension strategies. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue.
It draws on the lingua franca core, a set of pronunciation features that research has found to be essential to intelligibility in elf communications, and explores how adopting an elf approach can benefit students. In her proposal for a lingua franca core lfc jennifer jenkins 2000 seeks to redefine and reclassify pronunciation error, and in so doing to embrace the sociolinguistic facts of regional variation. Sign up for blog updates and when we wake up, youll be the first to know. Walkers book provides guidelines for teachers of english as a foreignsecond. English as a lingua franca and its implications for teaching.
English as a lingua franca elf is a term used to describe the use of english as a common language for communication between speakers whose first language is not english. Your students need to use english with people from around the world. The impact of jenkins lingua franca core on the teaching. Pdf the lingua franca core, a new model for pronunciation. Teachers are helping students to use english as a lingua franca. The lingua franca core and englishes and east and southeast asia asiatic, vol. Rhoticity is part of the lingua franca core, chiefly because it aligns spelling and pronunciation, but must it be genam. Providing a unique and original perspective on this subject, istvan kecskes explains the language behaviour of elf speakers, through the lens of gricean pragmatics. It explores the practices, regularities, and patterns of english as a lingua franca elf as it appears in natural use by expert users in university settings. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. On the idea of teaching the lingua franca core at dutch. English as a lingua franca, since the current surge of research activity is expanding our understanding of elf in useits processes, practices, and linguistic features.
The lingua franca core represents phonological linguistic features. Seven principles for writing materials for english as a. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and a. Indeed, researchers have, for example, established that it is not proximity to a standard native speaker model, but rather the ability to pronounce certain key pronunciation features known as the lingua franca core lfc, and the ability to adapt the pronunciation to the interlocutor, that enhance intelligibility in elf contexts. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. Frankish language language used as a means of communication between populations speaking vernaculars that are not mutually intelligible. Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and.
In this complex scenario, it is also apparent that as english as a lingua franca elf variations emerge and gain in influence see seidlhofer 2011, the identity of english will change and become itself a reflection of a plurilingual reality in which speakers typically have at their disposal a repertoire of different languages. Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by merriamwebster. Concretely, it means relating processes and outcomes of linguistic change to specific situations of language contact and bilingualism, as well as to the role of spanish as common vehicle of communication in economic and political. English as a lingua franca and its implications for. Lingua franca meaning in the cambridge english dictionary.
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